Epigenetics
The Influence on Gene Expression
History
1759
1975
1942
1999
A German physician and naturalist, Casper Friedrich Wolff, formulated the theory of epigenesis. T1,TI1
Conrad Waddington, a British development biologist, embryologist, and geneticist, introduced the term epigenetic into modern technology at Cambridge University. T2,T7,TI2
In November 1999, Morgan, Sutherland, Martin, Whitelaw discovered that the epigenetic modifications can be passed down through generations, from mammals. T5,T7,TI5
DNA methylation was discovered. DNA methylation is the first epigenetic mechanism discovered. Which is a chemical process that involves single carbons and three hydrogens(known as the methyl group). T3,T7,TI3
At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Bestor discovered the DNA methyltransferase. He cloned the first mammalian enzyme that catalyses the transfer of Mattaliano, Ingram methyl group of DNA. T7,TI4
1965
2007
2006
2004
On October 6, 2006, Zolinza(Vorinostat, first histone deacetylase inhibitor) was approved by the FDA for cutaneous T-Cell lymphoma. T6,T7
Vidaza (first DNA methylation inhibitor) was approved by the FDA, for the treatment of rare bone marrow disorder. T6,T7,TI6
1988
1981
1992
1983
1995
At the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Compere and Palmitter provided the first evidence that shows that DNA methylation is involved in silencing X-chromosomes . T7
On January 6, 1983, Feinberg Vogelstein discovered that the widespread loss of DNA methylation was found on cytosine-guanine(CpG) islands in tumor samples. T7
On April 21, 1995, Laird, Jackson-Grusby, Fazeli, Dickinson, Jung, Li, Weinger, and Jaenisch provided the first evidence published to demonstrate reduced DNA methylation that contributes to the formation of tumors. T7
Zapisek, Cronin, Lyn-Cook, and Poirier provided first experimental evidence that shows links between diet and DNA methylation and its relationships with cancer at the FDA and the National Center for Toxicological Research. T7
2009
Direct evidence was found of the histone methylation role in transcription and chromatin compaction. T6
In November of 2009, the FDA approved the second deacetylase inhibitor, Romidepsin (Istodax), for cutaneous T-cell. T7
2012
2015
On August 27, 2015, it was shown that azacytidine treatment enhanced the responsiveness of tumors to anti-CTLA-4 therapy. T6,T7